Scientific Management

Frederick Winslow Taylor was famous for his ' Time and Motion Study ' ant the 'Price Rate' system he introduced.Taylor saw failure of management in directing the workers to full efficiency, restriction of output in order to protect their interest as main abstract to minimum productivity. He thought the principal object of management should be to secure maximum prosperity for the employer & employee.He thought science can improve it and it will help both employer and employee to attain maximum prosperity & productivity. Therefore in 1911 F.W.Taylor established 'Principles of Scientific Management' , which described who to use scientific work methods to improve the productivity.

Principles of Scientific Management :

1. Study the way workers perform their task, gather all the informal job knowledge that workers posses, and experiment with ways of improving the way tasks are performed.
2. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures.
3. Carefully select workers so that they possess skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures.
4. Established a fair or acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provides a reward for performance above the acceptable level.

Features of Scientific Management can be listed as follow,

• Scientific study of work methods to improve the efficiency of the workers.
• Developed standard methods for performing each job.One way to do each job.
• Selected workers with appropriate abilities for each job.
• Trained workers in standard methods.
• Support workers by planning their work and eliminating interruption.
• Objects and targets has set in term with telling what was to be done,how it was to be done
• Provide wages, incentives to workers for increasing productivity and job satisfaction.
• Standard rewards
• Establishing standards, systematic observations and experiments.
• Demonstrated the importance of compensation for performance.
• Demonstrated the importance of personnel selection & training.
• Initiate the careful study of tasks and jobs.
• The constant and initiate co-operation between management and worker.

   Criticism :

• Did not appreciate the social context of work and higher needs of workers.
• No knowledge variance among individuals.
• Tend to regard workers as uneducated and ignored their suggestions & ideas.

Taylor thought workers are generally lazy and they find their own way to reduce the amount of work.So,assign as much as they can and he thought give economic incentives as motivator will increase the productivity.As Taylor's principles work should be divided in such manner and designing and planning work is the job of manager and workers should carry out it without questioning and further thoughts.

The view of F.W.Taylor was " not only pull the man up from the top,but pushed him equally hard from the bottom." It means, workers should not only rewarded for accomplishing things,should be punished for falling things to do.

Scientific Management brought new philosophy of management responsibility for planning, supervising, and formulating of rules, formulations to achieve organizational goals by increasing efficiency of workers.